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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 116-128.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00041

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塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘生态过渡区辐射平衡特征

付光祥1,2(), 何清2(), 王国胜1,2, 马明杰1,2, 阴璐璐1,2, 张乾3, 田伟3   

  1. 1.新疆师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
    2.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站/中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地/新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    3.民丰县气象局,新疆 民丰 848599
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-22 修回日期:2023-04-12 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 何清
  • 作者简介:何清(E-mail: qinghe@idm.cn
    付光祥(1996—),男,贵州兴义人,硕士研究生,主要从事陆面过程研究。E-mail: 870489167@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42030612);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk030501)

Radiation balance characteristics of the ecological transition zone in the southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert

Guangxiang Fu1,2(), Qing He2(), Guosheng Wang1,2, Mingjie Ma1,2, Lulu Yin1,2, Qian Zhang3, Wei Tian3   

  1. 1.College of Geography Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China
    2.National Observation and Research Station of Taklamakan Desert Meteorology of Xinjiang / Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological Administration / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm,Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China
    3.Minfeng County Meteorological Bureau,Minfeng 848599,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2023-02-22 Revised:2023-04-12 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Qing He

摘要:

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘属于生态过渡区,地表性质时空变化较大,陆面辐射平衡和地表反照率特征均较特别,目前对这方面了解并不充分,所以有必要开展塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘辐射平衡研究。利用青藏高原北侧陆-气相互作用观测站2019年12月至2020年11月地表辐射数据,分析该地区不同时间尺度和不同天气条件下辐射平衡与地表反照率特征。结果表明:(1)不同月份各辐射分量月平均日变化均呈单峰型,但极值及其出现时间有差异。各辐射分量月曝辐量季节变化明显,向下短波辐射表现为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季;向上短波辐射则为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季。(2)向下和向上短波辐射在季节变化上均为春季最大,冬季最小,其余各辐射分量则夏季最大,冬季最小。(3)典型天气除晴天各辐射分量日变化规则外,在多云、降水、浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴天气下各辐射分量变化不规则,其中降水与沙尘暴对向下短波辐射的影响最为明显。(4)地表反照率各月变化形态不规则,最大和最小月均值出现在3月和5月,分别为0.37和0.29,年均值为0.31。(5)晴天各辐射分量日变化为标准的倒“U”型,降雨和降雪下各辐射分量变化均不规则,其中地表反照率对降雨及降雪的响应分别对应为减弱和增强。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 生态过渡区, 辐射平衡, 典型天气, 地表反照率

Abstract:

The southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert belongs to the ecological transition zone area, the surface properties vary greatly in time and space, and the land surface radiation balance and surface albedo characteristics are special, and the current understanding of this aspect is not sufficient, so it is necessary to carry out the study of the radiation balance of the southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert. This paper analyzes the radiation balance and surface albedo characteristics of the region at different time scales and under different weather conditions by using the surface radiation data from December 2019 to November 2020 from the land-gas interaction observatory on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that: (1) The monthly mean daily variation of each radiation component in different months was unimodal type, but the extreme value size and occurrence time were different. The seasonal variation of the monthly exposure of each radiation component was obvious, and the downward shortwave radiation was manifested as spring> autumn> summer > winter. Upward shortwave radiation is spring> summer> autumn > winter. (2) The downward and upward short-wave radiation is the largest in spring and the smallest in winter in terms of seasonal variation, and the remaining radiation components are the largest in summer and the smallest in winter. (3) In typical weather, except for the smooth daily variation curve of each radiation component on sunny days, the radiation components change irregularly in cloudy, precipitation, floating dust, sand and sandstorm weather, among which precipitation and sandstorms have the most obvious influence on downward short-wave radiation. (4) The monthly changes of surface albedo were irregular, and the maximum and minimum monthly averages occurred in March and May, respectively, 0.37 and 0.29, and the annual average was 0.31. (5) Under different precipitation processes, the daily change of each radiation component on a sunny day is a standard inverted "U" shape, and the change of each radiation component under rainfall and snowfall is irregular, and the response of surface albedo to rainfall and snowfall corresponds to weakening and strengthening, respectively.

Key words: Taklamakan Desert, ecological transition zones, radiation balance, typical weather, surface albedo

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